Liverpool football club’s history has been littered with success since the formation of the club in 1892, the early history is largely forgotten about. There are the doldrums of the second division and then the great messiah of Bill Shankly dragging Liverpool into the second division and making them the bastion of invincibility from the 1960s onwards.
Yet, there is a history prior to Shankly with a Liverpool side who set the groundwork of making Liverpool the footballing giants that they are. It is a story well worth telling not just because of the glory and memories, but of a different era that had just come out of the first world war.
Prior to the war, Liverpool had reached the 1914 FA cup final which was played at the Crystal Palace for the first time in their history but were beaten 1-0 by Burnley. It was also the first final that a reigning monarch was present as King George V handed the trophy to the winners.
When war was declared against Germany after the invasion of Poland in August 1914 there was a patriotic fever to join up and support the war. Yet, football continued despite the growing disapproval across the country who felt sport should not be continuing whilst people died in the trenches.
So it was, that the 1914-15 season would be the last until the war ended. A lot of speculation has been written as to why Liverpool and Manchester United players agreed to fix a match on Good Friday. The consensus is that they agreed Liverpool would lose 2-0 and make money via betting. Some believe it was the players ensuring that they had some income for their families whilst being sent to the front.
Either way, it was a scandal when it was discovered that the match had been thrown. The players involved were given hefty bans with one only being rescinded in 1947.
When football did reconvene in 1919 the world was completely different to the one prior to August 1914. Kings and empires had collapsed with the map being redrawn. In Russia, the Tsar had been overthrown with the Bolsheviks taking charge. Over in Germany the Kaiser had abdicated whilst the Austria-Hungary empire had collapsed.
Britain itself was to start losing its power and influence with its empire starting to crumble as Ireland would gain independence in 1922.
What is not widely discussed was the political uncertainty in the UK after the end of the first world war. 1919 has been described as the year of near revolution such was the unrest of that year. Soldiers had mutinied due to poor conditions, not being demobbed as quickly as they were promised and in once incident a mutiny had broken out when they had been told that they would be shipped to Russia to fight the Bolsheviks.
Civil unrest had broken out across the country which gave the government bigger jitters after what they had seen happen in Russia. Liverpool was not to be immune, and when the Police went on strike for trade union recognition, riots had broken out that were so bad, the army was sent in with tanks patrolling the city centre. Machine guns were also placed across London Road and Churchill sent another gunboat up the Mersey in case the riot took a political tone with an attempt at revolution.
The general feeling amongst the populace was the relief that the war that never seemed to end was now over. Everyone had been affected by it, whether it was losing a relative, friend, or just surviving, the world was a completely different place.
Promises had been made by the Lloyd George and the Liberal party that they would make Britain a land fit for heroes, but the reality was different. Work was hard to find, poor housing and bad working conditions.
As usual, there was scapegoats with racism rearing its ugly head. Although the Liverpool docks and port had always employed various nationalities before the war there were those that believed these foreigners had stolen their jobs whilst they had been fighting at the front.
The Liverpool race riots of June 1919 was to be a stain on the city’s soul after a Bermudan sailor was murdered due to the colour of his skin. Unrest broke out that summer, but it showed the volatile times that the country was in.
Watching and indeed playing football was a chance to return to some sort of normality as the leagues got ready to resume. Attendances were high all over the country and Anfield was no exception.
Liverpool was in the process of re-building like most teams, especially with players who had been killed during the war. After the death of their talented manager Tom Watson or ‘owd Tom,’ who died of pneumonia in 1915, aged fifty-six it was a worry on how they would be able to replace someone so influential on the club.
Hailing from Newcastle Upon Tyne, ‘Owd Tom,’ played for local clubs Woodbine, Rosewood and Heaton. Prior to joining Sunderland, Watson was involved in a secretarial capacity which was pretty much the norm during that era with Newcastle West and East End.
The six years at Sunderland saw ‘Owd Tom,’ bring three league titles in 1891-92, 92-3 and 1894-95, which lead to William McGregor one of the founders of the football league to declare Sunderland ‘the team of all talents.’
So, when Liverpool managed to convince Tom Watson to swap the north-east for the north-west it was certainly a coup, considering that Liverpool was only four years old.
Watson was certainly seen as an innovator as he had contacts’ the breadth and length of Britain of promising players in particular Scotland. On one occasion he was pelted by Glaswegians when in charge of Liverpool after an attempt of signing one of their star players for the reds.
One of his prominent signings for Liverpool was goalkeeper Elisha Scott who even now is still regarded as a Liverpool legend and regarded one of the greatest between the posts. Ephraim Longworth was another Liverpool great and was Liverpool’s first ever England captain.
Both Ephraim and Elisah were to become stalwarts of the ‘untouchables,’ Liverpool team. Then there was the striker Harry ‘Smiler,’ Chambers a Geordie who was signed from West Bromwich, as well as local lad Walter Wadsworth.
The Liverpool Echo declared the reds signing of David Ashworth as general secretary and manager as something of a coup in June 1920. Born in Fylde, he had spent eight years at Oldham Athletic taking them from the Lancashire Combination league to the first division. After that, Ashworth moved to Stockport before Liverpool came calling.
A maverick manager with a fine waxed moustache, ‘Davie,’ as he was nicknamed was known to curl his moustache upwards or downwards depending on the team’s results. At Oldham, Ashworth was known to run up and down the stand at Boundary Park to keep tabs on the action.
For a lot of clubs, it was a case of re-building but Liverpool despite the lean years prior to the war had the nucleus of a good side. It was just a case of putting all the pieces together.
Although everyone wanted to return to normality, life was never to be the same. Everyone though was affected by the war either directly or indirectly.
Danny Shone who was believed to have signed amateur papers for Liverpool aged fifteen in 1914 (no records exist to confirm this) but almost lost his life when he was called up in 1917. Hailing from West Derby, Danny Shone was a promising footballer until the war rudely interrupted when he was posted to the 5th Manchesters.
His battalion joined the front line at Villers-Bretonneux before being relieved and marched to reserve billets in Blangy-Tronville, a small town in the Somme region of France.
The rest was to be short lived as the Germans launched a surprise attack at Villers-Bretonneux. Danny took part in the third battle of Aisne when his battalion took enemy fire and Danny was hit in his abdomen. Any penetrating wound to the abdomen was potentially life threatening. Add into the fact that time was of the essence to get Danny to a military hospital due to the high chance of picking up infections and blood loss, it was a miracle that Danny recovered, never mind play football again.
Tom Bromilow and Harry ‘Smiler,’ Chambers also served in the first world war and like many veterans would no doubt have suffered from fighting on the front. Chambers, incidentally, was the last signing by Tom Watson prior to his death in 1915.
For Tom Bromilow, it was an unusual path that saw him arrive at Liverpool aged twenty-four. The story goes that Bromilow still in his army uniform, knocked at Anfield asking for a trial. George Patterson the Club Secretary at the time, described signing Bromilow as ‘the luckiest signing I ever made.’
Like all successful teams, there was also a talented backroom staff in William Connell, Charlie Wilson, and Joe Hewitt. All three knew Liverpool well and ensured that the players were well drilled.
The role of manager differs very much to what we would expect today. Ashworth like his predecessors were more administrators with the daily role of coaching and tactics the responsibilities of the coaches. Indeed, the weekend line-ups were chosen by the board which didn’t end until as late as 1959.
What can’t be denied is that Liverpool after Patterson’s brief stint were now more consistent and balanced. It might be the case that Ashworth’s skill was recognising and signing talent as well as having good listening skills plus charisma.
Liverpool’s opening game for the 1920-21 season started at Anfield against Manchester City. The late August game saw a high crowd of forty-five thousand with the average Anfield gate during the season being forty thousand. This was despite an entertainment tax being imposed. It seemed that people wanted to get back to some sort of normality by going the football.
It seemed that the crowd got their money’s worth as City raced into a two-goal lead in the first half. Liverpool got themselves back in the game and went on to win 4-2.
Naturally the first Merseyside derby in years was highly anticipated with fifty thousand witnessing Liverpool beat Everton 1-0 at Anfield and a week later amongst fifty-five thousand at Goodison saw Liverpool do the double over their neighbours by winning 3-0.
The chase for the elusive FA cup ended in the second round away to Newcastle United who beat the reds 1 – 0. Nevertheless, the season saw Liverpool finish fourth and was to be the catalyst for the Untouchables.
By now Elisha Scott had established himself as Liverpool’s first choice goalkeeper. It seemed that Everton had the chance to sign Scott but spurned the chance and thus allowed Liverpool to sign Scott who hailed from Belfast.
What made Scott stand out was how serious he took goalkeeping. Elisha knew the importance of a goalkeeper and how they could win you points ‘Get it into your head that a goalkeeper is as important,’ Elisha told the Topical Times in 1938. ‘A centre can make a mess of things, and a pal will come to his aid. If a goalie makes a mess of things, he’s sunk. A goalkeeper is a footballer.’
In some training matches, Elisha insisted on playing up front to get in the mind of a forward and therefore anticipate his moves when he was in goal. He wrote extensively about his art and how goalkeeping was about anticipation and a knowledge of angles. ‘A goalkeeper’s job is to give him as few angles as possible to shoot at.’
One thing that Elisha was good at was controlling and commanding his box. Any defenders refusing to listen would suffer an earbashing. During the game Elisha would swear so furiously that it would make a docker blush.
In one infamous episode, Jimmy ‘Parson,’ Jackson (nicknamed as he took a job in the clergy after football) once turned round to Dixie Dean after being berated from Elisha for a goal conceded, turned round, and said ‘William, I shall never play in front of this man again.’
Competitiveness and a desire to win is required to win the big prizes which was shown with Elisha Scott. One story told is that on the eve of the Merseyside derby both Elisha and Dean met in Bold Street. Dean sent an imaginary header towards Elisha who promptly dived to save the imaginary ball. Sadly, there is no truth that anecdote, but it shows competitive Scott was that it became was believable.
The opening game away to Sunderland at Roker Park didn’t start off well as Liverpool were beaten 3-0 but got their first two points on the board a week later as the reds beat Man City 2-1 at Anfield.
Danny Shone was on a good run of form after getting the first goal for Liverpool against Everton at Anfield only for the Toffee’s to equalise late on in the game. A fortnight later, Liverpool went top of the league on 19 November with Danny Shone grabbing a hat-trick on the 4-0 demolishing of Middlesbrough at Anfield.
The Liverpool Echo declared, ‘The sun did not shine at Anfield but Shone.’
A popular player amongst players and supporters and likes most footballers mingled with supporters as he made his way to the match. On one occasion as Danny got the bus to get to the ground the bus driver said ‘Goodison Park, then, Danny?’
Back in the day when a direct transfer between Liverpool and Manchester United would not court any controversy, Liverpool signed winger Fred Hopkins from United. His crosses for Harry Chambers would prove vital during the next couple of seasons.
With all successful teams the camaraderie between the players was so strong that they were like a band of brothers. It was this that spurred them on through the cold, wet, winter months playing on muddy pitches when May and certainly the Championship seemed a long way off.
Somehow ‘the untouchables,’ kept themselves in the driving seat and with four games to go, Liverpool were five points clear of Tottenham Hotspur and Burnley in third, six points behind the Reds.
As always, there were stumbling blocks along the way such as the surprise 4-0 defeat away to struggling Oldham Athletic. Liverpool though quickly bounced back after they drew 1-1 away to title challengers Burnley, blew Cardiff City away 5-1 with Harry Chambers grabbing a hat-trick at Anfield and forty-eight hours later beat Burnley at home.
This was all done in the space of four days with no time to breathe never mind rest. It was a set of fixtures that would have had Jurgen Klopp in a rage, but Liverpool blitzed their way through it. So strong was Liverpool’s performances that the Liverpool Echo’s headlines joyfully declared ‘Hail to the Champions, Liverpool.’
Even the Liverpool board was getting carried away that they told the Echo reporter nicknamed ‘Bee,’ that they were already planning a ‘social do,’ to which they would invite as many former players as possible.
Nevertheless, the maths was simple. If Liverpool in forty-eight hours beat Burnley at Anfield and Tottenham lost, then the title would return to Anfield after a sixteen-year absence.
The tension at Anfield was palpable as 50,000 plus supporters crammed into the stadium hoping that this would be the moment Liverpool sealed a third league title. Moments like these make champions as they have to dig out the result required. The players have to ignore the pressure and stress from the crowd who are yearning for Liverpool to get over the line.
Newspaper reports state that Burnley’s goalkeeper Jerry Dawson had kept Liverpool at bay and an injury to Liverpool’s Harry Lewis (no substitutes in those days) stopped the Reds giving Burnley a hiding.
Harry Chambers broke the deadlock in the twenty-second minute and was enough to give Liverpool the lead at the break. With no way of knowing the Spurs score it must have been a anxious feeling wondering if Liverpool had done enough or would need to take it to the next game. No doubt, most of the crowd may have believed it would take another game before Liverpool got their hands on the title. Spurs after all, were playing a struggling Oldham.
Typically, Liverpool had to make hard work of it as Burnley equalised in the sixty-second minute via George Richardson. It was a cracker of a goal with the Liverpool Echo declaring the equaliser as a ‘tribute to individual flair.’
Down to ten men, Liverpool knew that they had to dig deep, and Ephraim Longworth moved further up the field, allowing him to win possession closer to the opposition and set up attacks. It was a case of having to take chances and Liverpool pulled it out of the fire as Longworth found Dick Forshaw. In the blink of an eye Forshaw raced towards the goal and coolly dispatched it past Dawson with ten minutes left on the clock.
Anfield erupted with joy like it has done on many occasions after doing it the hard way. The noise was turned up another notch when news filtered through that Tottenham had been beaten by Oldham Athletic 1-0. After a sixteen year wait, Liverpool was the Champions of England once more.
With three games remaining and Liverpool winning the title with fifty-five points, they had the chance to surpass West Bromwich Albion’s sixty-point tally in the 1919-20 season. Maybe the celebrations had an impact, but Liverpool lost the following two games but did beat West Bromwich Albion 4-1 away to end the season on a high.
A lot of history picks on political events and turmoil. Certainly, the 1920s had plenty of this, certainly as the world had been turned upside down. ‘The land fit for heroes,’ was fading as fast as the shiny slogans on the leaflets. In 1926 there was the disastrous May General Strike in support of the miners who were expected to take a reduction in wages despite the cost of living rising.
Consequently, it is also important to look on events that were joyous to people. After all, our ancestors were the same as us. Each had their own interests and celebrated special occasions that brought a bit of happiness in their lives.
Liverpool winning the title saw a lot of celebrations with the team being mobbed by fans on their return to Central Station. Donald McKinlay was picked up and carried out of the station in triumph.’ It showed that even in the 1920s, Liverpool supporters knew how to celebrate.
It was a memorable season and looking at the league table a Liverpool supporter would have a grin bigger than a Cheshire cat. Not only had Liverpool won the title by six points, but Manchester United had finished bottom and were relegated. Everton had finished third from bottom but escaped the drop as only two teams were relegated.
The title had been won on the strength of a strong defence, quality forwards and players who fitted each part well and played for each other. By digging out results when games were tough in the midst of a cold winter, rain, and muddy pitches, Liverpool showed that they had the mettle of Champions.
However, once the celebrations had died down and the champagne gone it was back to business and whether Liverpool could make themselves immortal by winning back-to-back league championships.
To learn more about this fabulous Liverpool side I recommend the brilliant ‘The Untouchables,’ band of brothers by Jeff Goulding and Kieran Smith.